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States of matter and kinetic theory of matter

Answer Text:
States of matter.
Matter:
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
- It is composed of either pure substances or a mixture of substances.
States of matter:
Matter exists in three states:
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas.
Kinetic theory of matter:
- States that matter is made up of small particles which are in continuous random motion.
- The continuous random motion of particles in matter is called Brownian motion.
- The rate of movement of particles in matter depends on the state
(a). Solid state:
- Have closely packed particles held by strong forces of attraction.
- Particles do not move from one point to another but vibrate about a fixed position.
- Upon heating, they start to vibrate vigorously.
Reason:
- Due to increase in their kinetic energy.
(b). Liquid state:
- Particles are further apart from one another than those in the solid state
- Forces of attraction between the particles are weaker than those in the solid.
- The particles remain close, but are free to move from one position to another.
- On heating they gain energy and move rapidly.
(c). Gaseous state:
- The particles are far apart and free to move randomly in all directions.
- Consequently they lack definite shape and volume, but occupy the whole space within a container.
- Forces of attraction between the particles are very weak