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How filtration is used to separate mixtures and its applications

Answer Text:
Filtration.
- Is the separation of an insoluble solid from a heterogenous mixture (liquid) using a porous filter that does not allow the solids to pass through.
- Upon filtration the undissolved solid is left on the filter paper and is called the residue.
- The liquid that passes the filter paper is called filtrate.
Examples: separation of sand from water.
(i). Procedure.
- The filter paper is folded into ¼ and opened to from a cone.
Diagram: folding a filter paper.

- It is carefully placed inside a filter funnel.
- The apparatus are then arranged as shown blow.
- The sand-water mixture is then poured into the filter paper in the filter funnel.
- The collecting liquid is directed into a conical flask.
(ii). Apparatus.

Applications of filtration.
- Filtration of domestic water.
- Extraction of medicinal substances from plants.
- Extraction of sugar from sugarcane.
- Operation of a vacuum cleaner.
- Fuel filters in automobile engines.