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Form 2 Biology questions and answers on excretion and homeostasis
State the importance of osmo-regulation in organisms.
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1.
The equation below represent a metabolic reaction that occurs in the mammalian liver. Amino acids organic compounds+Urea (a) Name the process (b) What is the importance of the process to the mammal? (c) What is the source of amino acids in this process? (d) What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acid?
2.
Give reasons for the following; Low blood sugar level is harmful to the body.
3.
State the role of insulin in human body
4.
Name the hormones involved in regulating glucose level in blood
5.
Explain what happens to excess amino acid in the liver of humans
6.
Explain what happens to excess amino acid in the liver of humans.
7.
(a) Name a disease of the liver whose symptoms is jaundice. (b) State the causative agent of: (i) Cholera (ii) Candidiasis
8.
Explain what happens in humans when concentration of glucose in the blood decreases below the normal level.
9.
Describe the role of the liver in homeostasis in the human body.
10.
State three homeostatic roles of the liver.
11.
Explain how the mammalian skin is adapted to perform its functions.
12.
Give reasons for the following: Constant body temperature is maintained in mammals.
13.
The temperature of a person was taken before, during and after taking a cold bath. The results are shown in the graph below. (a) Explain why the temperature fell during bath. (b) What changes occurred in the skin that enabled the body temperature to return to normal.
14.
Adult elephants flaps their ears twice as much as their calves in order to cool their bodies. Explain
15.
What is the role of sweat in human skin?
16.
The diagram below shows a section through the mammalian skin. (a) Name the parts labeled E, F and G (b) State two functions in each case of substance secreted by the structures labeled. (i) H (ii) I
17.
Name the fluid that is produced by sebaceous glands.
18.
What is the meaning of the following terms? (i) Homeostasis (ii) Osmoregulation
19.
Name three processes in the human body in which homeostasis is involved.
20.
Give two reasons why animals have specialized organs for excretion as compared to plants.
21.
State the changes that occur in arterioles in the human skin during thermoregulation.
22.
Explain how the human skin brings about cooling of the body on a hot day.
23.
Describe the role of the following organ in excretion and homeostasis. The skin during hot environmental condition.
24.
Name three structures of the skin essential for its homeostatic function
25.
Desert kangaroo rats spend most of their time in underground burrows. (a) Name this type of behavioural activity. (b) Explain the significance of this behavior to the organism
26.
Explain each of the following physiological observation: A rabbit has a higher oxygen demand than a camel.
27.
Describe how excretion takes place in mammalian kidneys.
28.
A person was found to pass out large volumes of dilute urine frequently. Name the (a) Disease the person was suffering from, (b) Hormone that was deficient.
29.
State the importance of osmo-regulation in organisms.
30.
The diagram below represents a mammalian nephron (a) Name the (i) Structure labeled P. (ii) Portion of the nephron between point X and Y. (b) Name the process that takes place at point Q. (c) Name one substance present at point R but absent at point S in a healthy mammal.
31.
(a) Explain how marine fish regulate their osmotic pressure. (b) Explain the role of antidiuretic hormone when there is excess water in the human body.
32.
Describe how human kidneys function.
33.
(a) Which portion of the human nephron are only found in the cortex? (b) (i) What would happen if a person produces less antidiuretic hormone? (ii) What term is given to the condition described in (c) (i) above?
34.
State the importance of the following processes that take place in the nephrons of a human kidney (a) Ultra-filtration (b) Selective reabsorption
35.
Name two kidney diseases.
36.
List 3 symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
37.
The diagram below illustrates the structure of the kidney nephron (a) Name the part labeled E. (b) State three physiological mechanisms of controlling the human body temperature during a cold day.
38.
The table below shows the percentage concentration of certain substances in blood plasma, glomerular filtrate and urine in a human being at a particular time. (a) Explain the likely impact on the composition of urine in case of the following: (i) Vigorous physical exercises (ii) A meal rich in proteins (b) Name the process responsible for: (i) Presence of glucose in the glomerular filtrate
39.
Explain why the nephron is long and convulated.
40.
Explain why a camel has longer nephron than a whale.
41.
State two advantages terrestrial animals have in excreting urea as their main nitrogenous waste product.
42.
The diagram below illustrates a section of the mammalian kidney. Name the structures labeled E and F.
43.
Explain each of the following physiological observation: Sportsmen release little, concentrated urine at the end of a strenuous exercise
44.
Describe how excretion takes place in green plants
45.
State one use of each of the following excretory products of plants: (a) Colchicines (b) Papain
46.
Explain why plants do not require specialized excretory organs
47.
State one economic importance of each of the following plant excretory products. (a) Tannin. (b) Quinine (c) Caffeine.
48.
State two ways by which plants manage their solid wastes.
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