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Methods used by nationalists in South Africa in their struggle for liberation from white minority rule.

Answer Text:
Methods used by nationalists in South Africa in their struggle for liberation from white minority rule.
(a) They used force to fight for their independence.
(b) Africans used mass media to articulate their grievances, spread propaganda and mobilize the masses.
(c) Riots e.g. the Soweto riots of 1976 against the proposal to make Afrikaner (Boer language) the medium of instruction in all schools.
(d) There were demonstrations against Press Laws in 1960 at Sharpeville leading to massacres.
(e) Guerilla fighters trained in Algeria, Ghana etc carried out acts of sabotage like bombing strategic installations and power plants.
(f) The role of the clergy .e.g. Desmond Tutu who bitterly campaigned worldwide against apartheid.
(g) Use of diplomacy and negotiations to convince the whites about the futility of apartheid policy.
(h) Use of slogans such as Freedom Charter (1955) which proclaimed south Africa belonged to all races and called for political, social and economic equality.
(i) They sent petitions, delegations to international forum.