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(a) Distinguish between pyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass.
(b) Give three reasons for loss of energy from one trophic level to another in the food chain.
(c) Describe how the belt transect can be used in
estimating the population of a shrub in a grassland.

Answer Text:
(a) - Pyramid of numbers is a diagrammatic representation of the number of organism,at each trophic level in a food chain, while pyramid biomass is a diagrammatic representation of dry weight of organism at each trophic level in a food chain.
(b) - Insufficient utilization of food resource/wastage.
- Through respiration
- Through excretion or egestion of waste matter.
(c) - Run two ropes parallel to each other a metre apart. Make points/stations along the belt.
Count shrubs between two ropes at marked points along the whole belt and record.
Repeat the process severally( at least 3 times) and obtain the average. Calculate the area of belt transect, then the population for the whole area as: